Tuesday 13 December 2022

The Iceman Cometh

 
Lieutenant General Richard Nugee the Non Executive Director for Climate Change and Sustainability at the Ministry of Defence speaking on the 9th of October 2017
 
 
Retired Lieutenant General Richard Nugee,the Non-Executive Director for Climate Change and Sustainability at the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence,has suggested that the Royal Navy should harden the hulls of some of it's warships to facilitate operations in "disruptive ice".
  
The Anatomy Of A Mining Sloop
 
 
He should be heartened to know that,despite the impacts on other aspects of performance (which are not all negative),all major warships in An Independent Navy For An Independent Nation shall be built to Lloyds Register Ice Class 1C,not because of the nice weather we have been having but because the Royal Navy has been sailing in icy waters for hundreds of years.
 
The tugs Indulgent Suzanne Christina and Forceful escorting Her Majestys Ship Queen Elizabeth as she leaves Portsmouth to conduct trials with Lightning aircraft on the 24th of January 2020
 
 
The Royal Naval Harbour Service's Able class berthing tugs shall also be built to Lloyds Ice Class 1C (and to Maritime and Coastguard Agency Workboat Code/Lloyds Register Grey Boat Code Category 2 and Fire Fighting Ship 1) for those rare occasions on which the Royal Dockyards are frozen over by global warming.
 
The Military Sealift Command Heavy Lift Vessel Ocean Jazz dropping the Valiant class harbor tug YT804 Defiant in water near Fleet Activities Yokosuka Japan on the 9th of December 2019
 
 
The Royal Naval Harbour Service's Aidful class escorting tugs shall be built to Lloyds Ice Class 1B (and to Maritime and Coastguard Agency Workboat Code/Lloyds Register Grey Boat Code Category 1 and Fire Fighting Ship 2) for use in areas such as the Baltic Sea.
 
The Falmouth based Coastguard tug Anglian Princess being boarded by teams from Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines Scotland and Her Majestys Ship Monmouth off the Devon coast on the 6th of February 2011
 
 
The Royal Naval Harbour Service's Racer class rescuing tugs shall be built to Lloyds Ice Class 1A (and to Fire Fighting Ship 3,including the most powerful fire monitors ever to go to sea) to facilitate operations at extreme latitudes.
 
The Research and Supply Vessel Nuyina breaking fast ice for the first time at the Petersen Bank around the 22nd of January 2022
 
 
The Royal Naval Harbour Service's icebreaking tugs Assistance,Confiance,Diligence and Endurance shall be built to Polar Class 2 (and with the same Fire Fighting Ship 3 system as the Racer class) which,in addition to their moon pools and dynamic positioning systems,shall allow them to perform tasks such as survey,construction,salvage and rescue beneath the Arctic ice pack.
 

Saturday 19 November 2022

The Anatomy Of A Mining Sloop

 
The Anatomy Of A Mining Sloop
 
 
There are many ways in which a mining sloop may be designed but above BAE Systems' Adaptable Strike Frigate concept is used as a template to illustrate the salient features of such a vessel.
 
Mining Sloop Operations
 
Picture: Grand Logistics
 
Above is shown one of the ways in which a mining sloop may operate.
 

Thursday 8 September 2022

The Queen Is Dead,God Save The King!

 
The late Queen Elizabeth the Second and her late husband Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh in her Coronation portrait taken in London England by Cecil Beaton in June 1953
 
 
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second,who acceded to the throne on the Sixth of February Nineteen Fifty-two,died on this day,the Eighth of September Twenty Twenty-two,whereupon His Majesty King Charles the Third acceded to the Throne,God save the King! 

Tuesday 6 September 2022

Quality British Defence Journalism From Sky News

 
Royal Navy cruiser shadows Russian warships through Channel
 
 
The uninformed may believe that Her Majesty's Ship Blake,which was decommissioned forty-three years ago,was the last cruiser to serve in the Royal Navy,however,a recent Sky News report from Jack Taylor,their Open Source Intelligence (O.S.Int) producer,which by some strange coincidence contains similar information to that which was earlier published in an article on the ukdefencejournal website,has revealed the existence of a hitherto unknown British cruiser,rumours that this vessel is part of a secret fleet which also includes mysterious battleships which can be seen only by journalists have not yet been confirmed.
 

Thursday 1 September 2022

An Independent Navy For An Independent Nation: Emergency Repairs

   
Her Majestys Ship Prince of Wales the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation flagship on exercise Cold Response 2022 on the 11th of March 2022
   
  
Shortly after leaving Portsmouth to begin her voyage to the Americas,where she was to host the Atlantic Future Forum,Her Majesty's Ship Prince of Wales suffered a “significant technical fault”,rumours that the crew forgot to grease the starboard propeller shaft because they were busy planning for transgender day of remembrance have not yet been confirmed but herein we shall consider how An Independent Navy For An Independent Nation shall deal with emergency repairs.
   
The Dido class cruiser Argonaut after being torpedoed in the bow and stern by the Italian submarine Lazzaro Mocenigo on the 14th of December 1942
  
  
Each class of vessel in an Independent Navy For An Independent Nation shall have a level of protection commensurate with it's role and redundant systems designed with benign modes of failure,for example a propeller blade shall be designed to fail before the propeller hub,the hub shall be designed to fail before the shaft and so on,thereby reducing the probability and severity of failures,whether due to enemy action,technical failure or accident,whilst also reducing the urgency of repairs.
    
Her Majestys Ship Glasgow the first Type 26 frigate under construction at BAE Systems shipyard in Govan on the River Clyde on the 29th of June 2021
  
  
As far as is practical,vessel classes shall share common hulls and systems,for example,the Falkland class destroying frigate's twin turbine propulsion system shall be the production version of the prototype installed on the trials frigate Experiment and shall also be half of the four turbine propulsion system of the Africa class flying ships,Agincourt class landing ships,Halifax class hospitalling ships and Royal class replenishing ships,thereby increasing production quantities and reducing the cost of design,construction,maintenance and repair,reducing the cost of keeping Royal Dockyards,depotting vessels and repair ships stocked with parts and also reducing the cost of sustaining secure domestic manufacturing.
  
Potential Facilities Near Middlesbrough
 
      
All vessels in An Independent Navy For An Independent Nation shall be refitted once every four years in their home port,wherever practical,and in the case of many ships this shall be the proposed new Royal Dockyard on the North Sea which shall have the capacity to berth,maintain and repair dozens of vessels as large as the Antaeus class depoting ships,which shall be amongst the largest vessels ever built due to their need to carry hundreds of thousands of tons of fuel,ordnance,parts,food,drink and other dry stores on a modest draught.
 
Her Majestys Ship Cornwall a Type 22 frigate alongside the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Diligence in the Middle East on the 6th of December 2010
 
     
On distant stations the Assistance class icebreaking tugs (vessels designed to do things that others are not designed to do) shall allow the one of two naval repair parties which may be continuously deployed under the proposed readiness cycle to maintain and repair vessels away from the Royal Dockyards,in addition to providing rescue,recovery,replenishment,salvage,survey and icebreaking capabilities.

The Royal Fleet Auxiliary Sir Tristram which was damaged in the Falklands War returning home on the Motor Vessel Dan Lifter in 1983
   
  
The four hundred ton bollard pull Racer class rescuing tugs,all but two of which shall be routinely chartered to Her Majesty's Waterguard Service,shall provide both administrative and emergency towing to even the largest crippled vessels,but vessels which cannot be towed shall be recovered by Behemoth and Leviathan,a pair of self propelled docks based on the same fifteen knot hull form and machinery as the Antaeus class which shall usually be used for painting and bottom work.
 
The battleship Her Majestys Ship Erin in a floating dry dock at Invergordon circa 1918
  
   
If one of the proposed Africa class flying ships had suffered damage to a shaft,she would have been able to continue operating on the other three,then,when it was convenient to repair the damaged shaft spares would likely be available at the Royal Dockyards or aboard Antaeus class depoting vessels or Assistance class icebreakers and if not then one would soon be available from the factory as they would be in continual production to equip the large number of vessels built with identical shafts,the new shaft could be installed in a dry dock at one of the Royal Dockyards,by a repair party in any anchorage which may be accessed by Behemoth or Leviathan,or even at sea in calm weather,and in an emergency shafts could even be removed without dry docking.
   

Friday 29 July 2022

An Independent Army For An Independent Nation: The Four Inch Mortar

 
4.2 inch mortars of the 33rd Anti tank Regiment Royal Artillery in the Sittang Bend area of Burma on the 1st of August 1945
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar shall be the standard medium mortar in the British Army,the Home Guard and the Royal Marines and shall equip platoons or troops held at the battalion level.
 
3 inch mortars of the British 36th Infantry Division in action in Burma in January 1945
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar shall be issued on the scale of one section of two mortars to every light infantry company,medium infantry company,cavalry squadron,reconnaissance company,reconnaissance squadron and Royal Marines company.
 
A mortar of G Tobruk Company 1st Battalion The Mercian Regiment at Forward Operating Base Khar Nikar in Afghanistan on the 21st of July 2010
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar shall have a smooth bore,be muzzle loaded and fire twenty pound fin stabilised bombs,to a range of five miles,at rates of up to twenty bombs per minute.
 
A British Army 81mm mortar in action during a summer training exercise in the late 1970s
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar shall use the same indirect fire sight as the Three Eighths Inch Machine Gun.
 
Men of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps play cards on trench mortar bombs known as toffee apples at Acheux in France in July 1916
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar bombs shall be able to be fitted with proximity,impact and delay fuses,stand off probes and a variety of terminal homing systems including,but not limited to,active radar,passive thermal,semi active laser and television guidance.
 
A trench mortar crew of the Second Battalion Cameron Highlanders at Mena Camp near Giza in Egypt on the 4th of June 1940
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar may be carried by it's crew of five men when operating on foot.
 
Members of 45 Commando mortar troop firing the 81mm mortar while testing Outlander vehicles on Salisbury Plain
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar crew of five men may be carried in the Ox vehicle,with one mortar and it's ammunition being towed in it's unprotected trailer.
 
A Royal Air Force Chinook lifts a Land Rover and trailer at Royal Air Force Waddington on the 4th of July 2010
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar section of ten men may be carried in the Mule vehicle,with two mortars and their ammunition being towed in it's unprotected trailer.
 
A 120mm mortar of 2nd Battalion 503rd Infantry Regiment 173rd Airborne Brigade at Grafenwoehr in Germany on the 28th of January 2017
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar section of ten men may be carried in the Pony vehicle,with two mortars and their ammunition being towed in it's protected trailer.
 
A 4.2 inch mortar team of the 2nd Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment on field exercise in Palestine
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar section of ten men may be carried in the Matilda vehicle,with two mortars and their ammunition being carried in an armoured box above the rear door.
 
An Israeli Merkava Mark 4M of the 188th Armored Brigade during the Paratroopers Brigade Exercise on the 28th of January 2018
 
 
The Four Inch Mortar section of ten men may be carried in the Charger vehicle,with two mortars and their ammunition being carried in an armoured box above the rear door.
 

Saturday 21 May 2022

The Cost Of A Sikorsky Black Hawk: An Addendum

 
Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Estimates for Procurement of Army UH60 Blackhawk M Model Helicopters
 
 
The Cost Of A Sikorsky Black Hawk explained that export customers pay about forty-five million pounds sterling each for Black Hawk helicopters with associated items,but due to exchange rate fluctuations that figure is now out of date,at current rates the cost would be just under fifty million pounds per helicopter,and in the next fiscal year the United States Army expects to pay about thirty-two million United States' dollars for a Black Hawk,which is about twenty-five and a half million pounds.
 

Thursday 19 May 2022

Two Piece Or Not Two Piece,That Is The Question

 
Her Majestys Ship Prince of Wales exercising with Lightnings from 207 Squadron Royal Air Force for the first time on the 9th of September 2021
 
 
Short Take Off and Vertical Landing naval aircraft have never generated higher sortie rates in combat than conventional aircraft,and logic suggests they never shall as they spend more time undergoing maintenance due to their complex vertical lift systems,but on some British websites it has become a matter of lore that they do,as has the idea that American Abrams Main Battle Tanks cost less than the United Kingdom's Challengers,that Black Hawk helicopters cost less than Wildcats,and that small calibre guns are better at engaging aircraft than large ones,some even think tank guns with single piece ammunition are better than those with two piece ammunition and that shall be the subject of our lesson for today.
 
A cutaway Israel Military Industries single piece 120mm Armour Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot cartridge showing the projectiles intrusion in to the case
 
 
Longer kinetic energy projectiles are better at penetrating armour than short ones,but the charge and projectile of single piece cartridges are stored in series with each other and the Cartridge Over All Length is constrained by the length of the space in which it is stored which means that a longer projectile must intrude further in to the cartridge case and must be shorter than the overall length,and the longer it is the more chamber volume it consumes leaving less space for propellant and therefore reducing muzzle velocity,which is a significant disadvantage.
 
Troopers from the Queens Royal Hussars load their Challenger 2 tanks during the Strong Europe Tank Challenge at Grafenwoehr in Germany on the 7th of June 2018
 
 
The length of two piece ammunition is also constrained by the available storage space,but as the charge and projectile are in series only when loaded in to the gun (at which point there is no restriction on over all length because the barrel has a hole at the other end),the projectile can occupy the entire length of the available storage space and therefore can be longer than the projectile of a single piece cartridge,without intruding in to the chamber,leaving more volume available for propellant and thereby increasing muzzle velocity,which is a significant advantage.