An Independent Navy For An Independent Nation: Protecting Seabed Infrastructure

 

 

Picture: Unknown photographer,VARD photograph

 

The British Army does not maintain a fleet of trains to patrol the United Kingdom’s railway network and An Independent Navy For An Independent Nation shall not maintain a fleet of vessels to patrol undersea infrastructure for the same reason,because to protect infrastructure it is necessary to keep the enemy away from it.

 

 

Picture: Photographer's Mate Petty Officer 1st Class Chuck Mussi,United State's Navy Photograph

 

Protecting undersea infrastructure shall start with routine surveillance and targeting of enemy naval facilities and vessels by strategic assets such as spies,satellites and high level military and naval assets such as An Independent Army For An Independent Nation’s network of active and passive sensors and their naval equivalents.

 

 

Picture: Owen65

 

At sea hostile vessels shall be tracked or attacked by the Perseus aeroplane (at least forty of which could have been paid for with the thousands of millions of pounds spent on Nimrod,Sentinel,Reaper,Airseeker,Crowsnest,Poseidon,Wedgetail,Protector and Envoy),which shall have a comprehensive suite of active and passive above and below water sensors and the weapons to exploit it.

 

 

Picture: P.O. (Phot.) Jay Allen,Crown Copyright 

 

Beneath the waves the six Cachalot class and two Defence class submarines (boats which could have been built with the money spent on seven Astutes) shall also track and if necessary attack enemy surface vessels and submarines using twenty-four inch torpedoes.

 

 

Picture: L. (Phot.) Phil Bloor,Crown Copyright

 

On the surface these shall be supported by the remainder of the thirty-two Duke and Royal Duke class frigates,the latter of which could have been built after the Blair defence cuts for far less than the cost of six Daring class air defence destroyers,and the first of twenty-four Falkland class frigates,which the Royal Navy had the money to build after the Cameron cuts (but instead chose to spend on River class patrol vessels,refits for Type 23 submarine defence frigates,repairs for Type 45 air defence destroyers,Type 26 submarine defence frigates,Type 31 point defence "frigates" and Type 32 mystery frigates),all of which shall have towed array sonars and Merlin or Hermes helicopters.

 

 

Picture: BAE Systems image,modifications by Grand Logistics

 

Should a hostile vessel get near an undersea cable then one of the thirty knot hydrographing sloops Hecate,Hecla,Herald and Hydra shall rapidly respond,surveying the cable with it’s high resolution towed sonar and investigating and neutralising any devices found using it’s tethered submersibles (a product of project Geppetto,which shall provide a sovereign and secure supply of small submersibles for tasks such as survey,construction,rescue,repair,hull cleaning and mine hunting).

 

 

Picture: Unknown photographer,Admiralty Official Collection photograph,© IWM A 35136

 

When not responding to contingencies,the Hydrographic Squadron's Hecate class shall routinely conduct low resolution but wide swathe deep water surveys of the sea bed using their hull mounted sonars,high resolution but narrow swathe deep water surveys of features such as ship wrecks and pipelines using their towed sonars,visual inspection of points of interest using their tethered submersibles,high resolution but narrow swathe shallow water surveys of coastal and inland areas using their hydrographing boats,high resolution coastal surveys using their synthetic aperture radars and shall occasionally perform overland surveys using an embarked helicopter detachment.

 

Some Statistics On Royal Air Force Operations In Libya

Statistics on Royal Air Force operations over Libya have been rather scant and incomplete.

This has made it rather difficult to judge the performance of British combat aircraft in Operation Ellamy.

However,there are now some useful pieces of information available.

On the 19th of May 2011,Scottish Member of Parliament (M.P.) Angus Robertson asked the following question in the House Of Commons:

"To ask the Secretary of State for Defence how many missions the (a) Nimrod R1, (b) Sentinel R1, (c) VC-10 and (d) C-130 have flown in Operation Ellamy."

He received the following answer from the Secretary of State for Defence Dr.Liam Fox:

"Up to 8 May 2011 the UK has flown the following sorties in support of Operation Ellamy:

                                                           

Aircraft type	Number of sorties (1)
VC10	110
C130	15
Nimrod	20
Sentinel	50
(1) Numbers are rounded to the nearest five."

Mr.Robertson went on to ask the following:

"To ask the Secretary of State for Defence (1) how many sorties the (a) GR4 Tornado and (b) Typhoon has flown in Operation Ellamy;what type of mission was flown in each case;and how many weapons of each type were released; 

(2) how many dual mode Brimstone missiles have been used by UK forces in Operation Ellamy to date."

Dr.Fox replied: 

"Up to 8 May 2011 the UK has flown about 300 GR4 Tornado and 140 Typhoon sorties as part of Operation Ellamy.

Both aircraft types have conducted missions to protect civilians in support of UN Security Council Resolution 1973,and the Typhoons have also conducted missions in support of no-fly zone enforcement.

In all,approximately 240 weapons have been fired by these aircraft during these missions.

These were a combination of Dual Mode Seeker Brimstone and Storm Shadow missiles,Enhanced Paveway II and Paveway IV Precision Guided Munitions.

I am unable to provide a breakdown of these figures for reasons of operational security."

Operation Ellamy began on the 19th of March 2011,which means these figures cover the 50 days between then and the 8th of May.

Over that period V.C.10 tanker aircraft have flown 110 sorties or about 2.2 sorties per day.


It is difficult to calculate a sortie generation figure for these aircraft as numbers involved in this operation appear to vary over time,most recently the International Institute for Strategic Studies said that 6 V.C.10s were involved in Operation Ellamy,other sources often put the figure at 3 V.C.10s.


These numbers would give us a best case of 0.73 sorties per aircraft per day and a worst case of 0.37 sorties per aircraft per day.


Both of these figures are well below the 1 sortie per aircraft per day which the Royal Air Force tanker fleet often generates in combat.

The C130 Hercules transports flew 15 sorties or about 0.3 sorties per day ,1 sortie every 3 days on average.

Nimrod R.1 electronic reconnaissance aircraft flew 20 sorties or about 0.4 sorties per day,2 sorties every 5 days on average.

As there is only 1 Nimrod based at Akrotiri,this gives 0.4 sorties per aircraft per day. 

The Sentinel R.1 radar reconnaissance aircraft flew 50 sorties or about 1 sortie per day.


With 2 Sentinels based at Akrotiri,this equates to 0.5 sorties per aircraft per day.


It is likely to take about 4 hours for the Sentinel to transit to and from Cyrus to Tripoli on each sortie.

Tornado bombers flew 300 sorties or about 6 sorties per day.


As there have been 12 Tornados involved for most of Operation Ellamy,this equates to just over 0.5 sorties per aircraft per day,well below the 0.8 sorties per aircraft per day which Canadian Hornets are generating.


Flying sorties of 5.5 hours duration on average,the 12 British Tornados are generating 19 hours on station over Libya each day,an average of 1 hour and 35 minutes on station per Tornado per day (assuming an average transit speed of 500 miles per hour over the 580 miles between Gioia Del Colle and Tripoli).


This compares poorly with the 3 hours on station which each Canadian Hornet generates per day.


Each Canadian Hornet is generating 89% more time on station over Libya per day than each British Tornado.

Typhoon fighters flew 140 sorties or about 2.8 sorties per day.

A total of 240 weapons were released,an average of 4.8 weapons per day or 0.55 weapons per fast jet sortie.

It is interesting to note that,other than a handful of Storm Shadow missiles,these weapons range from the 1,000 pound (450kg) bomb based Enhanced Paveway II down to the 110 pound (50kg) Brimstone.

Thus weapon expenditure in 50 days of combat over Libya probably totals less than about 120 tonnes of ordnance and could be as little as 12 tonnes.

By way of comparison,a large aircraft carrier like the Nimitz class carries about 3,200 tonnes of ordnance,with the replenishment vessel which accompanies it carrying a similar amount.

The French aircraft carrier Charles De Gaulle carries 600 tonnes of ordnance (other sources say 2,100 tons) and 3,200 tonnes of aviation fuel.


It would be interesting to know how much ordnance is carried by the Royal Navy's Invincible class ships and also by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary's replenishment vessels,unfortunately we do not know the answer to that but it is likely to be far higher than 120 tonnes.

The only figures we have for the ordnance capacity of the forthcoming Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers are unfortunately expressed in cubic metres rather than tonnes which is less than helpful.