Showing posts with label River class. Show all posts
Showing posts with label River class. Show all posts

Friday, 5 February 2021

The Transformational Puma Remotely Piloted Air System

 
HMS Tamar Batch 2 River class Offshore Patrol Vessel
 
 
Her Majesty's Ship Tamar (who has red lions rampant on her sides lest anyone mistake her for a warship) has been conducting trials with the Royal Navy's new AeroVironment Puma aeroplane.
 
HMS Tamar launches Puma Remotely Piloted Air System
 
 
According to a Royal Navy article: "The Puma could fulfil some of the helicopter’s intelligence-gathering role – with its 50-times zoom camera it feeds live footage back to a mother ship at ranges up to a dozen miles.".
 
HMS Tamar photographed from a Merlin from 820 Naval Air Squadron
 
 
It is interesting to note that the bridge watch of a River class patrol vessel may see small boats with a pair of binoculars at ranges of up to twelve nautical miles (about fourteen statute miles),whilst it's mast head radar may see small boats at about eighteen nautical miles (about twenty-one statute miles),dependent on their radar cross section and the radar's performance.
 
 
 
A suitable radar carried eleven thousand feet above a River class patrol vessel by an Allsopp Helikite,may be able to detect surface targets at ranges of over one hundred and thirty nautical miles (about one hundred and fifty statute miles),Helikites may also be useful for gunnery spotting,mine detection,electronic support,and radio relay. 
 
Flying Tigers from 814 Naval Air Squadron on HMS Tamar
 
 
Whilst a Hermes helicopter may be able to detect surface contacts seven hundred and fifty nautical miles (about eight hundred and sixty statute miles) away from it's ship,and return,without either refuelling or carrying auxiliary fuel tanks.
 
HMS Tamars 700x Naval Air Squadron drone operators launch the Puma AE 2 Class 1 C Remotely Piloted Air System
 
 
The article expounds: "Just over 4½ft long, with a wingspan of 9ft and weighing as much as six bags of sugar, Puma can survey an area of up to 270 square miles of ocean – that’s larger than Greater Manchester* – looking for suspicious activity during sorties lasting up to 2½ hours."
 
HMS Tamar shot from a merlin from 820 Naval Air Squadron
 
 
Again,it is interesting to note that the bridge watch of a River class patrol vessel may observe small boats with a pair of binoculars over an area of about four hundred and fifty square nautical miles (about six hundred square statute miles) whilst it's mast head radar may observe small boats over an area of about one thousand square nautical miles (over thirteen hundred square statute miles),all day,every day,in both cases.
 
Project Aeolus LE Eithne and Helikite
 
 
A suitable radar,such as Osprey,carried at eleven thousand feet above a River class patrol vessel by an Allsopp Helikite may be able to observe surface targets over an area of about fifty-five thousand square nautical miles (over seventy-two thousand square statute miles),all day,every day for weeks at a time.
 
Hermes Helicopter Search Area
 
Picture: Grand Logistics
 
Whilst a Hermes helicopter may be able to observe surface targets over an area of over four hundred and thirty thousand square nautical miles (over five hundred and seventy thousand square statute miles) in a period of eight hours,without either refuelling or carrying auxiliary fuel tanks,if flying in a straight line and a little less than that on a round trip. 
 
700x Naval Air Squadron launched the Puma AE 2 Class 1 C Remotely Piloted Air System from HMS Tamar
 
 
The Royal Navy article continues: "Puma is relatively cheap – certainly much cheaper than sending a helicopter up – easy to launch and recover, is difficult for foes to spot and keeps the ship out of harm’s way.".
 
HMS Tamar sailed up the River Tamar to raise her White Ensign for the first time as a Fleet warship by the Tamar Bridge
 
 
It is not clear how Puma can keep the "ship out of harm's way" when it's range is less than that of the ship's onboard sensors and the vessel must close with the target to use it's very short range weapon systems and boarding parties,in any case,a River class vessel without a Puma shall be less expensive than a River class vessel with one.
 
Desert Star Helikite launching from a ship
 
 
Whilst the Puma's cost per flying hour may be less than that of a helicopter,it's cost per flying hour and per square mile of coverage is likely to be far higher than that of an Allsopp Helikite.
 
Merlin landing on HMS Tamar
 
 
The Hermes helicopter shall cost more per flying hour than the Puma aeroplane but,as well as searching about seven hundred times as many square miles of sea per flying hour,and doing that with active radar and passive radio,visual and thermal sensors,it shall also be able to engage and destroy sea (surface or submarine),land and air targets many hundreds of miles from it's ship,targets which Puma can neither detect nor engage,in addition to performing many other tasks.
 
RV Maria S. Merian flying CloudKite April to May 2019
 
 
In summary,the Puma Aeroplanes,built in the Simi Valley in the state of California in the United States of America,shall allow a River class vessel to look at things which it can already see with it's onboard sensors,which is of little benefit (this should have been obvious to any competent officer before they were even purchased),however,the inexpensive Helikite,designed and built in Fordingbridge in the English county of Hampshire in the United Kingdom,which has already been used by the United Kingdom's armed forces on combat operations,shall allow the vessel to see things which it cannot see at present,allowing it to operate in a more efficient and more effective manner.
 
HMS Tamar worked with 820 Naval Air Squadron
 
 
However,neither Pumas nor Helikites may replace the capabilities of a helicopter.
 
Vice Admiral Anthony Radakin walking up the ganagway of HMS Victory
 
 
Why then,is the Royal Navy wasting tax payers money on toy aeroplanes,is it because they are "transformational"?
 
Manchester City Centre skyline from Alderley Edge
 
 
*Most sources state that Greater Manchester has an area of four hundred and ninety-three square statute miles.
 

Tuesday, 2 February 2010

Defining The Modern Brig



In the days of sail the term "brig" referred to a two masted square rigged vessel.


Brigs were used as minor warships,smaller than sloops,although there were also brig rigged brig-sloops.


Such low cost vessels were not well suited to operating with the larger vessels of the battle line.


Often they were used for patrol,constabulary and other low threat tasks.


Although the historic meaning of the term "brig" has no relevance to today's vessels,there are many modern naval vessels which mirror the low cost,limited fighting capacity and many roles of the historic brig:


Mine hunters.


Mine sweepers.


Offshore patrol vessels.


 Survey vessels.


 Coast guard cutters.


Like their ancestors,modern brigs are lightly armed,carrying the most basic naval weapon,the cannon.


In situations short of war the brig may find it's self very close to potentially hostile vessels.


Unlike missiles,cannons have no minimum engagement range and high ammunition storage density,making them ideal for generating low cost,high volume fire against short range and low value targets.


Such armament is well suited to dealing with civilian vessels involved in fishing,smuggling and piracy.


It is also adequate for dealing with other brigs.


Many of the brig's roles will require the facilities for launching boats.


Helicopter hangars and flight decks are also useful for many roles.


Requiring little in the way of weapons,sensors and trained manpower,brigs cost little to buy or operate.


It is this low lifecycle cost which makes the brig preferable to a sloop or a frigate.


However,with only limited ability to defend themselves from anti-ship threats the modern brigs cannot operate in a hostile environment without an escort.


Consequently they are of limited utility in war fighting operations.


These limitations were illustrated during the Argentine invasion of South Georgia.


Her Majesty's Ship (H.M.S.) Endurance,a brig armed icebreaking patrol vessel was faced with threats including missile armed corvettes.


Brigs are incapable of engaging true fighting ships,that is properly the task of the more capable frigates or sloops.



Brigs should only be used independently in low threat environments.


The modern brig may perform roles such as mine hunting and surveying in support of a task group but will require the protection of other warships to do this.


A defenceless brig is more of a burden to a task group than a war fighting vessel like the sloop.


Brigs may relieve more capable task group vessels of minor roles such as search and rescue and providing assistance to damaged ships.


Particularly large brigs may be required to meet the demands of speed,range,endurance and seakeeping needed for fleet operations or long range patrol duties.


If armed with a large enough gun,brigs may provide naval fire support for ground forces.



If fitted with mine rails,they can perform minelaying tasks.


Low cost weapons such as these are in keeping with the low cost nature of the brig.


However,the brig's lack of fighting ability limits it's utility to such an extent that it is an inapropriate choice if there is any prospect of the vessel being used for warfighting.


Brig armament can be recommended only for those roles which are unlikely to involve combat operations or for those navies which cannot afford a more capable vessel.


For more fluid environments,the frigate or sloop is a more suitable vessel than the brig.